Virtual excursions to the past and modern Atyrau
“Ten days after our departure from Sara we arrived to a city called Saradzhuk, “dzhuk” meaning “small”.
Thus they wanted to express that that was Sara Malyi. This town is located at the bank of the deep and big river called Ulusu which means “great water”. A bridge made of boats connects the two banks of the river, same as in Baghdad. Ibn Battuta. “A trip to Desht-i Kypchak”.
Thus they wanted to express that that was Sara Malyi. This town is located at the bank of the deep and big river called Ulusu which means “great water”. A bridge made of boats connects the two banks of the river, same as in Baghdad. Ibn Battuta. “A trip to Desht-i Kypchak”.
Ibn Battuta (he was born on the 24th of February, 1304, Tanzher- 1377, Fes) – a
popular Arab traveller and a travelling merchant who ravelled to all the countries
of the Islamic world from Bulgara to Mombasa, from Timbuktu to China. Author
of the book “A gift to those contemplating about wonders of cities and wonders of travelling”.
popular Arab traveller and a travelling merchant who ravelled to all the countries
of the Islamic world from Bulgara to Mombasa, from Timbuktu to China. Author
of the book “A gift to those contemplating about wonders of cities and wonders of travelling”.
Tasks and aims: forming knowledge about the Saraichik city, development of patriotism, respectful attitude towards the history of a native region and its people, cultural and historic monuments.
Number of participants: 20
Required materials: slides, books and articles about Saraichik.
Expected result: students learn about the history of Saraichik, they can see archaeological and palaeontology discoveries found as a result of archaeological digging.
Number of participants: 20
Required materials: slides, books and articles about Saraichik.
Expected result: students learn about the history of Saraichik, they can see archaeological and palaeontology discoveries found as a result of archaeological digging.
![Изображение](/uploads/2/2/6/6/22661750/286221.jpg?142)
Introduction words
Virtual excursion in Saraichik is conducted by Moldash Sarsengaliyevich Berdymuratov, the Director of the Museum of a memorial complex “Saraishyk” – a keeper of the history of Saraichik. He has been working as a Director from the 3rd of August, 1999 and lives in Saraichik since 1970. From 1958 he has been a member of a party and a Young Communist League and from 1962 he's been a Director of a school.
He considers Imangali Tamsgambetov to be a main person in creation of a museum in Saraichik as he assisted in opening of a museum in September, 1999. There are 4047 exhibits in the museum but his most favourite one is a map of a Great Silk Way.
There are 12,000 – 14,000 people visiting the museum every year of which 5,000 to 8000 people are expatriates.
Virtual excursion in Saraichik is conducted by Moldash Sarsengaliyevich Berdymuratov, the Director of the Museum of a memorial complex “Saraishyk” – a keeper of the history of Saraichik. He has been working as a Director from the 3rd of August, 1999 and lives in Saraichik since 1970. From 1958 he has been a member of a party and a Young Communist League and from 1962 he's been a Director of a school.
He considers Imangali Tamsgambetov to be a main person in creation of a museum in Saraichik as he assisted in opening of a museum in September, 1999. There are 4047 exhibits in the museum but his most favourite one is a map of a Great Silk Way.
There are 12,000 – 14,000 people visiting the museum every year of which 5,000 to 8000 people are expatriates.
Contact details: [email protected],
Tel:8 (71236) 2 55 06
Tel:8 (71236) 2 55 06
Geographic position. Saraichik city is located in Makhambet area near village Saraishy which is 50 km away from the region centre of Atyrau. In 1999 there was a “Khan Ordaly Saraishyk” (the Khan quarters – Saraishyk) memorial complex built which is a symbol of a glorious past. This complex occupies 6,552 m2 and this is a location of “The Khan pantheon” 14,5 meters high.
History of Saraichik
Sarai-Dzhuk (Turkic “sarai” means “courtyard”, “palace”; Mongolian “Zhuk” means small, therefore the whole meaning is Small Courtyard. Other variants are: Sar-Uchug, Saraichuk, Saraichik, Tsar's Uchugi, Sarai Malyi). One of the central cities of the Kazakh Khanate, a capital of the Nogai Orda and initially is one of the trading centres of the Golden Horde. The city was built at the trade way which connected Europe and China through Volga region and Khorezm at the Yaik river (modern Ural), 50 km upstream from the modern Atyrau city. From the history of Saraichik.
Sarai-Dzhuk (Turkic “sarai” means “courtyard”, “palace”; Mongolian “Zhuk” means small, therefore the whole meaning is Small Courtyard. Other variants are: Sar-Uchug, Saraichuk, Saraichik, Tsar's Uchugi, Sarai Malyi). One of the central cities of the Kazakh Khanate, a capital of the Nogai Orda and initially is one of the trading centres of the Golden Horde. The city was built at the trade way which connected Europe and China through Volga region and Khorezm at the Yaik river (modern Ural), 50 km upstream from the modern Atyrau city. From the history of Saraichik.
Periods
The history of Saraichik can be divided into three eras. Establishment and development of the city - X-XI centuries. Its development into a major trading centre which connected Europe and the Middle Asia, Kazakhstan and China XIII-XIV centuries. The period of decline XV-XVI centuries.
Pre-Horde Period
Establishment and development of the city - X-XI centuries. According to another data the city was established only in XIV century. It developed into a big trading centre which connected Europe with Khorezm, Sogdom and China – middle of XIV century. The decline period - XV- XVI centuries.
The Golden Horde period – the Khan quarters
Sarai- Dzhuk was one of the biggest cities of the Golden Horde and a centre of a city agglomeration (there is a number of cities which were destroyed by economical activity of XX century, there is a city Aktobe – mentioned as Laeti in Genoese records, which is situated at the outskirts of Atyrau. Judging by archaeological findings, vessels with inscriptions in particular, Sarai- Dzhuk used to be a city with a well developed culture. There was a unique pipeline and sewage system made of ceramic pipelines. There was metallurgy industry developed and ceramic production as well as money coining. Its people were involved in handicraft industry, melon- growing, gardening and fishing. The strategic location which was connecting East and West made the city a big trading centre. The surroundings of the city have been a peculiar resort centre where famous people from all over the Horde were coming for hunting and fishing. In 1395 the city was destroyed by the troops of Tamerlan.
The Nogai period
The city was reinstated in 30-40s of XV century and from the second half of XV century (1490s) it became a political centre of the Nogai Horde. There was a quarters the Khan of the Nogai Horde, and then it became a quarters for the first Kazakh Khans.
It is considered that there were seven khans of the Golden Horde buried in Sarai- Dzhuk: Sartak, Berke, Toktakiya, Dzhanibek (according to another data, Mengu Timur as well), the Kazakh Khan Kasym, and the Nogai Khans Izmail and Uraz. The city was completely destroyed by Cossacks in 1580.
A famous Arab traveller Ibn Battuta in his work “Travelling through Desht-i-Kypchak” wrote about a city Saraichik that was located in XIII century at the caravan way which connected West and East and was sitting at the bank of the Zhaiyk river. It was a big urban and trading centre of the Golden Horde which was a shortest route from Europe and Middle Asia to China. In 1395, as historians assume, Saraichik was destroyed by the troops of Timur as many other cities of the Golden Horde. Nevertheless it was rebuilt in XV century and became a residence for the Khans of the Nogai Horde. It has retained the same status until the end of XVI century and in 1580 it was destroyed by the Russian Cossacks and eventually became neglected.
The history of Saraichik can be divided into three eras. Establishment and development of the city - X-XI centuries. Its development into a major trading centre which connected Europe and the Middle Asia, Kazakhstan and China XIII-XIV centuries. The period of decline XV-XVI centuries.
Pre-Horde Period
Establishment and development of the city - X-XI centuries. According to another data the city was established only in XIV century. It developed into a big trading centre which connected Europe with Khorezm, Sogdom and China – middle of XIV century. The decline period - XV- XVI centuries.
The Golden Horde period – the Khan quarters
Sarai- Dzhuk was one of the biggest cities of the Golden Horde and a centre of a city agglomeration (there is a number of cities which were destroyed by economical activity of XX century, there is a city Aktobe – mentioned as Laeti in Genoese records, which is situated at the outskirts of Atyrau. Judging by archaeological findings, vessels with inscriptions in particular, Sarai- Dzhuk used to be a city with a well developed culture. There was a unique pipeline and sewage system made of ceramic pipelines. There was metallurgy industry developed and ceramic production as well as money coining. Its people were involved in handicraft industry, melon- growing, gardening and fishing. The strategic location which was connecting East and West made the city a big trading centre. The surroundings of the city have been a peculiar resort centre where famous people from all over the Horde were coming for hunting and fishing. In 1395 the city was destroyed by the troops of Tamerlan.
The Nogai period
The city was reinstated in 30-40s of XV century and from the second half of XV century (1490s) it became a political centre of the Nogai Horde. There was a quarters the Khan of the Nogai Horde, and then it became a quarters for the first Kazakh Khans.
It is considered that there were seven khans of the Golden Horde buried in Sarai- Dzhuk: Sartak, Berke, Toktakiya, Dzhanibek (according to another data, Mengu Timur as well), the Kazakh Khan Kasym, and the Nogai Khans Izmail and Uraz. The city was completely destroyed by Cossacks in 1580.
A famous Arab traveller Ibn Battuta in his work “Travelling through Desht-i-Kypchak” wrote about a city Saraichik that was located in XIII century at the caravan way which connected West and East and was sitting at the bank of the Zhaiyk river. It was a big urban and trading centre of the Golden Horde which was a shortest route from Europe and Middle Asia to China. In 1395, as historians assume, Saraichik was destroyed by the troops of Timur as many other cities of the Golden Horde. Nevertheless it was rebuilt in XV century and became a residence for the Khans of the Nogai Horde. It has retained the same status until the end of XVI century and in 1580 it was destroyed by the Russian Cossacks and eventually became neglected.